मद्दत:IPA for Hindi and Urdu

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindi and Urdu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Hindustani phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindi-Urdu. See Devanagari and Urdu alphabet for help converting Hindi and Urdu spelling to pronunciation.

Key

Consonants IPA Hindi ISO 15919 Urdu Approximate English equivalent k क ka ک sky kʰ ख kha کھ ache (khh sound) ɡ ग ga گ again ɡʱ घ gha گھ aghast ŋ ङ ṅa ن bank (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses [n] (ن)). tʃ च ca چ catch tʃʰ छ cha چھ choose dʒ ज ja ج jazz dʒʱ झ jha جھ hedgehog (strong jhh sound) ɲ ञ ña ن roughly like canyon (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses [n] (ن)). ʈ ट ṭa ٹ artist ʈʰ ठ ṭha ٹھ Thai, tarp (deeper thh sound) ɖ ड ḍa ڈ odd, depot ɖʱ ढ ḍha ڈھ adhere ɳ ण ṇa ن bunny (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses [n] (ن)). t̪ त ta ت، ط kite t̪ʰ थ tha تھ thump (dental thh sound) d̪ द da د the d̪ʱ ध dha دھ within (as a dhh sound, tongue touches palate, strong air exhalation) n न na ن not p प pa پ pencil pʰ फ pha پھ pith (phh sound) b ब ba ب butter bʱ भ bha بھ abhor m म ma م much j य ya ی yak r र ra ر rapture (r may be trilled) l ल la ل leaf ʋ व va و varies between w and v ʃ श śa ش shoe (light s with h sound) ʂ ष ṣa ش/س assure (strong s; no h sound) (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses either [ʃ] (ش) or [s] (س)). s स sa ث، س، ص sue ɦ ह ha ح head q क़ qa ق quail (k in the throat, tongue not touching palate) (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [k] (क) in Hindi) x ख़ k͟ha خ Bach (kh in the throat, tongue not touching palate) (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [kʰ] (ख) in Hindi) ɣ ग़ ġa غ similar to a French r (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [ɡ] (ग) in Hindi). z ज़ za ذ، ز، ض، ظ zen, zero ʒ झ़ zha ژ pleasure, seizure ɽ ड़ ṛa ڑ gourd ɽʱ ढ़ ṛha ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h; somewhat as the US: warhead or Greek rho f फ़ fa ف phantom, food (f sound)

Vowels IPA Hindi ISO 15919 Urdu Approximate English equivalent ə अ, प a اَ، بَ strut, but aː आ, पा ā آ, بَا far, heart ɪ इ, पि i اِ، بِ dill, still iː ई, पी ī اِی، بِی feed ʊ उ, पु u اُ، بُ book, took uː ऊ, पू ū اُو، بُو moon rɪ ऋ, पृ r̥ ری، پر Syllabic ‹r›: repaired eː ए, पे ē اے، بے Yale ɛː ऐ, पै ai اَے، بَے rain,, feign oː ओ, पो ō او، بو roar ɔː औ, पौ au اَو، بَو awe ◌̃ ँ m̐ ـں nasal vowel faun ([ãː, õː], etc.) ŋ, ɲ, ɳ, n, m, ◌̃ ं ṁ ـں jungle ɦ ः ḥ ه ahead Suprasegmentals IPA ˈ◌ stress (placed before stressed syllable) ◌ː doubled consonant (placed after doubled consonant)

See also

• IPA vowel chart with audio
• IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio
• IPA chart (vowels and consonants) - 2015. (pdf file)